Numerous rulers of ancient Greece and Rome linked themselves with gods to claim divine power or influence. She Was Linked To The Egyptian Goddess Isis Limestone stele of Cleopatra Making an Offering to Isis, 51 BC, Louvre Names of Caesar and subsequent Roman emperors became names of months we still use today, such as ‘July’ after Julius and ‘August’ after Augustus. Caesar adopted the idea and implemented it in Rome in 45 BCE, and one year later in Egypt. This calendar featured an additional day every four years for consistency, now called the ‘leap year’. Here, she introduced him to an astronomer named Sosigenes of Alexandria, who proposed a calendar that followed solar cycles rather than the previous lunar calendar. She was the only Pharaoh of the Ptolemaic dynasty to learn the Egyptian language, which made her an effective leader because she could communicate with her armies without a translator.Ĭleopatra Introduced the Leap Year The ancient Library of Alexandriaĭuring her affair with Julius Caesar, Cleopatra brought him to the ancient University of Alexandria. She was also gifted with languages her native tongue was Koine Greek, but she became fluent in at least nine languages during her rule, including Arabic and Hebrew. She Was Intelligent, Well-Educated, And Very Ambitious Cleopatra by John William Waterhouse, 1887Ĭleopatra’s intelligence has been praised by numerous historians, including Plutarch, and she was well-versed in mathematics, philosophy, and debate. After Ptolemy XIII’s defeat and subsequent death, Cleopatra then married her younger brother, Ptolemy XIV. However, Cleopatra won Caesar’s support, and their joint Roman-Egyptian army overthrew Ptolemy XIII’s. During this time, Julius Caesar had traveled to Alexandria under the invitation of Ptolemy XIII. She subsequently gathered an army and returned to Alexandria, fighting a civil war with her brother for rulership. Shortly after coming to power, Ptolemy made an attempt on his sister’s life, causing Cleopatra to flee to Syria. Her name, Cleopatra, was famously translated to ‘honor of the father’ in ancient Greek.Īt age 18, Cleopatra was married to her 10-year-old brother and co-ruler, Ptolemy XIII, who succeeded his father as Pharaoh. Cleopatra’s heritage can thus be traced to Macedonian Greece, where the Ptolemaic dynasty emerged. Believed to be siblings, Cleopatra’s parents were the descendants of Ptolemy I Soter, a general of Alexander the Great and the eventual founder of the Ptolemaic line. Cleopatra Was Queen of Egypt But Wasn’t Egyptian Fragment of a basalt Egyptian-style statue of Ptolemy IĬleopatra VII, born in 70-69 BC, was the daughter of Ptolemy XII and Cleopatra V Tryphaena.
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